• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a surface wave antenna system (22) comprising at least one antenna (24) electrically short in the vertical plane, with vertical or elliptical polarization and emitting radiation, said antenna (24) being connected to a medium Conductor having a substantially horizontal surface. The antenna system (22) being characterized in that it further comprises at least one wired parasite (30) extending in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the conducting medium (28) electrically isolated from each antenna (24) , and arranged in the vicinity of at least one antenna (24) so as to be able to radiate thanks to the current induced by said radiation of this antenna (24). The invention makes it possible to combine the results of each radiating element so as to control the radiation pattern in the vertical plane.
    公开号:FR3036543A1
    申请号:FR1554426
    申请日:2015-05-18
    公开日:2016-11-25
    发明作者:Mathilde Bellec；Franck Colombel；Stephane Avrillon；Sebastien Palud；Pierre-Yves Jezequel
    申请人:Universite de Rennes 1；Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an antenna system. In particular, the invention relates to an antenna system with vertical and / or elliptical polarization adapted to emit and / or receive surface waves in a wide frequency band including in particular all or part of the low, medium and high frequencies between 30 kHz approximately 30 MHz, consisting of LF, MF and HF. 2. Technological background Currently, large radiating pylons are used to emit high power in the MF bands. These pylons have the disadvantage of being expensive, requiring a large safety ground for their installation, and being unattractive and discreet. They are not optimized for diffusion mainly by surface waves. Antennas using only a surface wave as propagation vector are very few. Current surface wave systems use whip or biconical antennas that are poorly suited for radar applications. The radiating towers and in general all the vertically polarized antennas, for example of the whip or biconical type, essentially generate a space wave field (also called ionospheric radiation) and are expensive and very little discrete.
    [0002] Solutions have been proposed to solve these problems. The French patent application FR2965978, filed by the applicant, proposes a solution for significantly reducing the vertical size of the antenna, thus reducing implementation costs and improving the discretion of the antenna. In addition, the antenna provides improved surface wave propagation and decreased ionospheric radiation. Nevertheless, the ionospheric radiation remains important, especially for angles of between ± [20 °; 800] around the normal to the ground plane on which the antenna is placed. This remaining ionospheric radiation can, in certain frequency bands, generate attenuation phenomena (fading in English), especially when surface waves and space waves interfere at the surface of the Earth after propagation. in different environments and paths. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The invention aims to overcome at least some of the disadvantages of known antennas.
    [0003] In particular, the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an antenna system whose preferential radiation is a surface wave radiation. The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antennal system whose ionospheric radiation is reduced.
    [0004] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a simple antennal system to achieve. The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a discrete antennal system and whose vertical footprint is low. The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antenna system whose bandwidth can be easily modified. The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antenna system whose surface or horizontal space can be reduced easily. 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To this end, the invention relates to a surface wave antenna system, comprising: at least one vertical electrically short antenna, with vertical or elliptical polarization and emitting radiation, said antenna being connected to a conductive medium having a substantially horizontal surface, the antenna system being characterized in that it further comprises: at least one wired parasite electrically isolated from each antenna, and arranged in the vicinity of at least one antenna of way to be able to radiate thanks to the current induced by said radiation of this antenna.
    [0005] An electrically short antenna in the vertical plane is an antenna emitting radiation in a preferential wavelength called the operating wavelength, and whose vertical space is less than a quarter of the operating wavelength. . If the antenna transmits on a frequency band, the operating wavelength is the wavelength associated with the center frequency of the frequency band. An antenna system according to the invention allows the reduction of the ionospheric radiation of an antenna through the use of one or more wired parasites, so as to emit surface waves. The wired parasite (s) are electrically isolated from each antenna, i.e. they are passive elements that are not electrically connected to any antenna. In particular, when the antennal system operates in transmission, the wired noise or parasites are not connected to the power supply of any antenna. The one or more parasites radiate solely because of their presence in the vicinity of at least one radiating antenna, by electromagnetic coupling, and this radiation of the parasites makes it possible at the same time to reduce the ionospheric radiation of the antennal system, and to increase the directivity antennal system in a direction substantially parallel to the ground plane and substantially perpendicular to the parasite. The parasite or parasites extend in a non-vertical direction, that is, the parasites are not perpendicular to the surface of the conductive medium. The characteristics of the antennal system concerning the directivity and the reduction of the ionospheric radiation depend on the resonance of the parasite (s) due to the radiation of the antenna or antennas, this resonance depending on the length of the parasite (s). It is thus possible to adjust the radiation pattern of the antennal system via the choice of the electrical length of the parasite (s): the parasite or parasites are sized so that the radiation of the antenna or antennas and the radiation of the parasites are in phase opposition and almost the same amplitude to strongly reduce the radiation in the desired direction.
    [0006] Preferably, the electrical length of the noise or parasites is equal to the operating wavelength of ± 20%. The antenna used may be of different types, for example a shortened whip antenna, or an antenna called DAR antenna as described in the French patent application FR2965978 cited above. The wired noise or parasites therefore improve the performance of these antennas. In addition, because of the small vertical congestion of the antennal system, it is discreet, resistant to any wind, blast, lightning, earthquake or explosion, and it has a low radar echo surface. The antenna system can be incorporated for example into a high power transmission system 10 especially for the broadcast of radio or television program signals, or a reception system. Advantageously, at least one wired parasite advantageously extends in a direction forming an angle of between -10 ° and 10 ° with the surface of the conductive medium 15. Preferably, the wired parasite extends in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the conductive medium. By substantially parallel means an angle between the direction of each parasite and the surface of the conductive medium between -5 ° and 5 °. The wired parasite may also be strictly parallel to the surface of the conductive medium. According to this aspect of the invention, the reduction of the ionospheric radiation and the directivity of the antenna are improved. The angle between the parasite and the surface of the conductive medium is adapted according to the length of the parasite, so that the difference between the part of the parasite furthest away from the surface of the conductive medium and the part of the parasite the most close to the surface of the conductive medium is reduced. Advantageously, the antenna system according to the invention comprises at least two wired parasites extending in different main directions from each other. In this aspect of the invention, the wired parasites permit the reduction of ionospheric radiation in a plurality of propagation directions of the radiation. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least two wired parasites are electrically connected.
    [0007] Advantageously, the antennal system according to the invention comprises at least one vertical parasitic element extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the conductive medium, connected to the conducting medium, and arranged in the vicinity of at least one antenna so as to to be able to radiate thanks to the current 10 induced by said radiation of this antenna. According to this aspect of the invention, the vertical parasitic element makes it possible to modify the radiation of the antenna, in particular its directivity, and to increase the bandwidth of the antennal system. In the same way as the wired parasite, the vertical parasitic element radiates only because of its presence in the vicinity of at least one radiating antenna, by electromagnetic coupling. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one vertical parasitic element comprises at least one localized element adapted to modify the electrical length of the parasite.
    [0008] According to this aspect of the invention, the localized elements, which may be resistive, capacitive or inductive elements, make it possible to reproduce the parasite RLC resonance with a reduced physical parasite length but an equivalent electrical length. The localized elements may also make it possible to form open circuits (or high impedance) on the vertical parasitic element (s) or circuits closed according to the operating frequencies, thus forming current traps. The localized elements are thus adapted to create multiple resonances using current traps.
    [0009] Advantageously and according to the invention, the conductive medium comprises a ground plane to which each antenna is connected. According to this aspect of the invention, the ground plane makes it possible to improve the conductivity of the conducting medium if this conductivity is too low. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one wired parasite is connected to the conductive medium, or, if the conductive medium comprises a ground plane, at least one wired parasite is connected to the ground plane. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one parasite comprises at least one folded portion. According to this aspect of the invention, a folded portion reduces the congestion of the parasite and therefore the antennal system, for the same electrical length of the parasite. A folded portion may also allow, in certain configurations, to increase the bandwidth of the parasite to obtain optimized radiation patterns over a larger frequency band.
    [0010] Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one parasite comprises at least one localized element. According to this aspect of the invention, the localized elements, which may be resistive, capacitive or inductive elements, may make it possible to reproduce the parasite RLC resonance with a reduced physical parasite length but an equivalent electrical length. The localized elements are thus adapted to modify the electrical length of the parasite. The localized elements can also make it possible to form open circuits (or high impedance) or closed circuits on the noise or parasites according to the operating frequencies, thus forming current traps. The localized elements are thus adapted to create multiple resonances using current traps. Advantageously, the antennal system according to the invention comprises a plurality of wired parasites connected so as to form a surface parasite or a volumic parasite. According to this aspect of the invention, the use of several wired parasites to form a surface or volume parasite increases the bandwidth of the antennal system. The invention also relates to an antenna system characterized in combination by all or some of the features mentioned above or below. 5. List of Figures Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description given solely by way of non-limiting example and which refers to the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view according to a plane xOz of an antenna system according to a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 is a radiation diagram according to a xOz plane of an antenna system according to the first embodiment of the invention, FIG. is a schematic view along a plane xOz of an antenna system 15 according to a second embodiment of the invention, FIG. 4 is a schematic view along a yOz plane of an antenna system according to a third embodiment of the invention. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view of an antenna system according to the third embodiment of the invention, FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view along an xOz plane of an antenna system. According to a fourth embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7 is a schematic view along an xOz plane of an antenna system according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, FIG. 8 is a radiation diagram according to a plan. xOz of an antenna system according to the fifth embodiment of the invention, Figure 9 is a schematic view along a plane xOz of an antenna system according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, Figure 10 is a schematic view along an xOz plane of an antenna system according to a seventh embodiment of the invention, FIG. 11 is a schematic view along a xOz plane of an antenna system according to an eighth embodiment of the invention, FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic perspective view of an antenna system according to a ninth embodiment of the invention; FIG. 13 is a radiation diagram according to a xOz plane of an antenna system according to FIG. In the ninth embodiment of the invention, FIG. 14 is a radiation diagram along a xOy plane of an antenna system according to the ninth embodiment of the invention, FIGS. 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, and 15e. 15f, 15g, 15h are diagrammatic views along a xOy plane of wired noise according to different embodiments of the invention, FIGS. 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d are schematic views along a xOy plane of surface pits according to different Embodiments of the invention, FIGS. 17a, 17b and 17c are diagrammatic views along a xOy plane of voluminal parasites according to different embodiments of the invention, FIGS. 18a and 18b are diagrammatic views along a x0y plane of Wired or surface parasitic devices comprising localized elements according to one embodiment of the invention, FIGS. 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d are schematic perspective views of antenna systems comprising an antenna DAR and a wired parasite according to different embodiments of the invention, FIG. 20 represents a radiation pattern according to a xOz plane of an antenna system according to the embodiment of the invention of FIG. 19a, 6. Description DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following embodiments are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference relates to the same embodiment, or that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. Figures, scales and proportions are not strictly adhered to for the purpose of illustration and clarity.
    [0011] An Oxyz orthogonal coordinate system is used on each figure representing antenna systems according to the various embodiments of the invention.
    [0012] FIG. 1 schematically represents, in a plane xOz, an antenna system 22 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The antenna system 22 comprises an antenna 24 which is electrically short in the vertical plane, that is to say the height h of which is less than a quarter of the operating wavelength λ 0 of the antenna 24. Preferably, the height h of the antenna 24 is between λ0 / 200 and λ0 / 5. The antenna 24 may be for example a whip antenna, or an antenna as described in the French patent application FR2965978, filed by the applicant, hereinafter referred to as the DAR antenna. The antenna is fed by a generator 26, and thus emits radiation, of vertical or elliptical polarization, LF, MF or HF, that is to say operating frequency between 30 kHz and 30 MHz. The antenna 24 is connected to a conductive medium 28, having a substantially horizontal surface, that is to say substantially parallel to the x0y plane of the orthogonal reference Oxyz. Conductive medium 28 is an imperfect conductive medium, for example soil (earth, sand, etc.) or water (sea, salt marsh, lake, etc.). The antenna system further comprises a wired parasite extending in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the conductive medium 28, here parallel to the Ox axis, and at a height H above the conductive medium 28. The height H 20 is generally between 00/200 and 00/2. However, the lower the height H is, the more antennal system 22 will be discreet and integrated into the landscape where it is located. The wired parasite is here linear and takes the form of, for example, a wire (single-strand or multi-strand) or a conductive tube with a cylindrical or square section. The parasite 30 is supported by at least one vertical insulating pole (not shown), preferably a plurality of vertical insulating poles (not shown) evenly distributed along the parasite 30, fixed in the conductive medium 28 if its composition and depth lends itself to it, or floating on the conducting medium 28 if it is composed of water. The parasite 30 is electrically isolated from the antenna and is arranged in the vicinity of the antenna 24 so as to be able to radiate thanks to the current induced by the radiation 30 of the antenna 24. The parasite 30 is of length L and dimensioned so the radiation of the antenna 24 and the radiation of the parasite 30 are in phase opposition and almost of the same magnitude in order to greatly reduce the radiation in the desired direction. Preferably, as shown, the parasite 30 is centered on the antenna 24, the antenna 24 thus being at the level of the middle of the parasite 30. According to other embodiments, the parasite 30 can be arranged in any manner at the vicinity of the antenna 24 as long as it can radiate due to the current induced by the radiation of the antenna 24. The length L of the parasite 30 is therefore adapted according to its arrangement with respect to the antenna 24, and typically ranges between 0.9 Ao and several A0. For example, in one embodiment where the antenna 24 is a DAR antenna in which h = 0.03A0, the parasite 30 has for example L = Ao and is arranged at a height H = 0.033A0.
    [0013] The antenna system obtained is adapted to the emission of LF, MF or HF radiation. The discontinuity between the air and the imperfect conductive medium 28 promotes the propagation of an omnidirectional or directional ground wave called a surface wave. The antenna 24 of the antenna system 22 may be originally an antenna for emitting surface waves, such as for example the DAR antenna, in which case the addition of the parasite 30 to form the antenna system 22 causes an improvement. antenna performance. The antenna 24 of the system may also not be originally intended to emit surface waves, in which case the addition of the parasite 30 makes it possible to use to emit surface waves an antenna that was originally not adapted to this function. The antenna system can also work in signal reception. This first embodiment is the simplest embodiment of the invention. The embodiments presented hereinafter are improvements of this first embodiment, and the features already described for one embodiment will not be described again for an embodiment including these same features. FIG. 2 represents a radiation pattern according to the xO 2 plane of the antenna system according to the first embodiment of the invention. The diagram comprises three curves: a first curve 32 represents the radiation of a conventional DAR antenna, a second curve 34 represents a template delimiting an ionospheric radiation zone in which it is not desired for the antennal system to radiate, and a third curve Representing the radiation of the antennal system according to the first embodiment of the invention. The area defined by the template indicates that between -45 ° and 45 °, the antenna system radiation should not exceed -10 dB. It can be seen that the DAR antenna 5 radiates in the zone delimited by the jig and therefore does not meet the limiting constraints of the ionospheric radiation. The antennal system, in particular because of the addition of the parasites, makes it possible to obtain radiation from surface waves, close to the horizontal plane xOy represented by the axis (-90 °, 90 °) of the diagram. In addition, the ionospheric radiation of the antenna is reduced, and no radiation exceeds -10 dB at an angle between -45 ° and 45 °, thus respecting the constraints of the template. These radiations, the amplitude of which is less than 10 dB relative to the maximum of radiation, are called nulls of radiation. FIG. 3 diagrammatically shows an antenna system 22 according to a plane xOz according to a second embodiment of the invention. The conductive medium 28 has an electrical conductivity which varies according to its composition. For example, the sea, salt marshes or salt lakes have high electrical conductivity, and the earth and sand have low electrical conductivity. If the electrical conductivity is too low, that is to say less than 1 S / m, the antennal system 22 is completed, as in this second embodiment, by a ground plane 38 connected to the antenna. 24, and buried beneath or on the surface of the conductive medium 28. The ground plane 38 may be formed of a plate, or a set of conductive wires forming a grid, etc. The mass plane 38 can take several forms, for example a circle, a polygon (regular or not), etc. The plane of mass 25 extends under the whole of the antenna system, that is to say that the projection of the antennal system on the conductive medium along the axis Oz is included in the area occupied by the antenna. mass plan 38. In practice, in the embodiment shown, the mass plane 38 has a minimum length strictly greater than the length L of the parasite 30 and a minimum width of at least a few tens of centimeters larger than the width of the parasite 30 The heights h and H defined above remain expressed from the conductive medium 28.
    [0014] FIG. 4 schematically represents a antennal system according to a third embodiment of the invention in a yOz plane. FIG. 5 diagrammatically shows in perspective this antennal system 22 according to the third embodiment of the invention.
    [0015] In this third embodiment of the invention, the antenna system comprises a first wired parasite 30a, of length L1, identical to the wired parasite of the first embodiment, and a second parasite 30b wired, of length L2, orthogonal to the first parasite 30a wired and located above it. The second wired parasite 30b makes it possible to reduce the ionospheric radiation of the antenna 24 10 in a plane other than that of the first parasite 30a. In particular, the second wired parasite 30b is parallel to the axis Oy and thus reduces the ionospheric radiation in the xOz plane. The parasites 30a, 30b are of lengths L1 and L2 are preferably identical, but may be of different lengths L1 and L2 in other embodiments. The heights H1 and H2 of the parasites 30a, 30b may be different or identical (in which case the parasites 30a, 30b are electrically connected). The two parasites 30a, 30b are centered on the antenna. The second parasite 30b furthermore makes it possible to improve the gain at ground level above the conducting medium 28 and to obtain an omnidirectionality of the radiation in the XoY plane known as the azimuthal plane.
    [0016] According to other embodiments of the antenna system, the two parasites may form any angle other than 90 °, or be off-center of the antenna. According to other embodiments of the invention, the two parasites can be electrically connected. According to other embodiments, the antennal system may comprise more than two parasites.
    [0017] FIG. 6 schematically shows an antenna system 22 according to a plane xOz according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. In this fourth embodiment, the antenna system 22 comprises two antennas connected to the conductive medium 28, a first antenna 24a of height 30 hl and a second antenna 24b of height h2, separated by a distance d. The antenna system further comprises a single parasite 30, arranged to radiate through the radiation of the two antennas 24a, 24b.
    [0018] The antennal system 22 according to this fourth embodiment makes it possible to modify the radiation of the antennas 24a, 24b thanks to the parasite 30 and to the theory of networks applied to the two antennas 24a, 24b.
    [0019] FIG. 7 schematically shows in plan xOz an antenna system according to a fifth embodiment of the invention. In this fifth embodiment, the antenna system 22 comprises a parasite 30, an antenna 24, and a vertical parasitic element 40, of height h 'and arranged at a distance from the antenna 24 so as to radiate through the current induced by said radiation of the antenna 24. The parasitic element 40 is further connected to the conductive medium 28, or to the ground plane in the embodiments where a ground plane is present. In the same way as the parasite 30, the parasitic element 40 vertically radiates because of its presence in the vicinity of the antenna 24, by electromagnetic coupling, and 15 increases the directivity and / or the bandwidth of the system 22 antennal. The parasitic element 40 vertical may further take a shape similar to the antenna 24, but without being powered. FIG. 8 schematically represents a radiation diagram according to the xOz plane of an antenna system according to this fifth embodiment.
    [0020] The diagram comprises three curves: a first curve 42 represents the radiation of a conventional DAR antenna, a second curve 44 represents a template delimiting a radiation zone in which it is not desired for the antennal system to radiate, and a third curve 46 representing the radiation of the antennal system according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.
    [0021] The template indicates that the amplitude of the radiated field should not exceed -10 dB between the 0 ° and 90 ° angles (on the side of the vertical parasitic element), and -8 dB between 45 ° and 0 °. The antennal system according to the fifth embodiment makes it possible to respect this template.
    [0022] Fig. 9 schematically shows in plan xOz an antenna system according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. This sixth embodiment is a combination of the third and fourth embodiments, the antenna system comprising two parasites 30a, 30b and two antennas 24a, 24b. FIG. 10 diagrammatically shows an antenna system according to a seventh embodiment of the invention in a plane xOz. This seventh embodiment is a combination of the third and fifth embodiments, the antennal system comprising two parasites 30a, 30b, an antenna 24 and a parasitic element 40 vertical.
    [0023] FIG. 11 diagrammatically shows an antenna system according to an xOz plane according to an eighth embodiment of the invention. In this eighth embodiment, the antenna system 22 comprises an antenna 24 and a parasite 30, the parasite 30 being electrically connected to the continuous medium 28 by vertical connectors, here two vertical connectors 48a and 48b, arranged on both sides. other of the antenna symmetrically. The connectors 48a, 48b are connected at the level of the parasite 30 to positions in which the current distribution is maximum on the parasite 30. For example, for a parasite of length A0, the connectors 48a, 48b are connected to positions corresponding to a distance of λ0 / 4 and 3λ / 4 from one end of the parasite.
    [0024] Figure 12 schematically shows in perspective an antenna system 22 according to a ninth embodiment of the invention. In this ninth embodiment of the invention, the antennal system 22 is a networking of several antenna systems according to the embodiments described above, for example according to the first embodiment. The antennal system 22 thus comprises n 24-24n antennas connected to the conductive medium 28 and n parasites 30-30n, each parasite being arranged in the vicinity of an antenna. The antennas are spaced from each other by a distance d. FIGS. 13 and 14 show radiation diagrams of an antennal system according to the ninth embodiment of the invention comprising three whip-type antennas with a height h = 0.06 μm, associated with three parasites of length L = 1.6 At 0 m and placed at a height H = 0.066 to 0 m. The antennas are spaced 3036543 from a distance d = 0.35 Å0. In order to obtain a bidirectional diagram, as can be seen in FIG. 14 representing the radiation in the xOy plane, the amplitude of the antenna situated between the two other antennas is equal to 0.6 times the amplitude thereof. The radiation in the xOz plane, visible in FIG. 13, is similar to the radiation described with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 15 groups together a set of FIGS. 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, 15g and 15h. representative according to the plane xOy different embodiments of wired parasites can be used in an antenna system according to the invention. These parasites 10 comprise, at each of their ends, a folded portion allowing in particular to reduce the congestion of the parasite in its main direction relative to a linear worm parasite, while maintaining an electrical length equivalent to this straight wired parasite. The electrical length of a parasite is the length of the longest current path on the parasite.
    [0025] The parasites may include folded portions in different forms such as meanders, coils and various geometric shapes. The resulting size can reach 65% of the size of an equivalent rectilinear parasite, while maintaining an equivalent electrical length.
    [0026] FIG. 16 groups together a set of FIGS. 16a, 16b, 16c and 16d representing, in a plane x0y, different embodiments of a plurality of wired parasites forming a parasite called surface parasite 50. Surface pests can increase the bandwidth of the antenna. Similarly, as shown in perspective in FIG. 17 including a set of FIGS. 17a, 17b and 17c, a plurality of wired parasites may be connected to form a so-called volume parasite parasite to increase the bandwidth. of the antenna. Forms of surface or volume pests may vary to decrease the width-to-length ratio of these pests to further increase bandwidth.
    [0027] FIG. 18 gathers together FIGS. 18a and 18b, showing in a plane x0y two embodiments of wired parasite or surface parasite 50 comprising at least one localized element, here two localized elements 54a and 54b, which may be 3036543. resistive, capacitive (capacitor) or inductive (coil) elements. These localized elements are commonly called "load" in English. The localized elements 54a, 54b may be able to reproduce the parasite RLC resonance 30 with a reduced physical length (or bulk) of parasite but an equivalent electrical length.
    [0028] The localized elements 54a, 54b can also make it possible to create, on the parasites 30, 50, open circuits (or high impedance) at certain operating frequencies and closed at other operating frequencies, thus allowing a variation of the resonance parasites according to the operating frequency. These localized elements 54a, 54b thus create multiple resonances using current traps. According to the embodiments, the localized elements can also be used on the vertical parasitic elements and / or on the parasite connectors. FIG. 19 groups together FIGS. 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d representing in perspective various embodiments of an antennal system 22 comprising an antenna 24 of the DAR antenna type, connected to the conductive medium 28 (or to a ground plane of FIG. he is present). The DAR antenna is formed of a loop extending in the plane xOz. A parasite 30 extends along the axis Oy, thus orthogonally to the antenna DAR, and in the vicinity of this antenna DAR. The different embodiments show different positions where the parasite may be. In the embodiment of Figure 19a, the parasite 30 is located above the DAR antenna. In the embodiment of Figure 19b, the parasite 30 is located below the maximum height of the DAR antenna, i.e. in the middle of the loop (without being connected thereto. In the embodiment of Figure 19c, the parasite 30 is shifted by a distance dx from the antenna DAR along the axis Ox.The distance dx is at most equal to λ0 / 2. In the embodiment of FIG. 19d, the parasite 30 is shifted by a distance dy from the antenna DAR along the axis Oy. The distance dy is at most equal to λ0 / 2.
    [0029] According to other embodiments of the invention, the parasite may be shifted by combination in the xOy plane by combining distances dx and dy.
    [0030] FIG. 20 shows a radiation pattern along the xOz plane of an antenna system according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 19a, for two wired parasitic wavelengths. The first curve 56 represents the radiation of the antennal system with a parasite of length L = TO0. The ionospheric radiation (between -45 ° and 45 °) is weak with this length of parasite. The second curve 58 represents the radiation of the antennal system with a parasite of length L = 2λ0. The ionospheric radiation (angles between -45 ° and 45 °) is strong with this parasite length, but the directivity is greater at the level of the surface waves (angles close to -90 ° or 90 °). The adjustment of the length of the parasite between these two lengths thus makes it possible to obtain intermediate results according to the desired application for the antennal system, privileging either the reduction of the ionospheric radiation or the directivity at the level of the surface waves.
    [0031] The invention is not limited to the described embodiments only. In particular, the features of the described embodiments may be combined to form other embodiments: the number and arrangement of antennas, parasites, and parasitic elements may vary to provide the most antennal system. adapted to the desired operation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Antenna surface wave system, comprising: - at least one antenna (24, 24a, 24b, 24n) electrically short in the vertical plane, with vertical or elliptical polarization and emitting radiation, said antenna (24, 24a, 24b, 24n ) being connected to a conductive medium (28) having a substantially horizontal surface, the antennal system being characterized in that it further comprises: at least one wired parasite (30, 30a, 30b, 30n) electrically isolated from each antenna ( 24, 24a, 24b, 24n), and arranged in the vicinity of at least one antenna (24, 24a, 24b, 24n) so as to be able to radiate due to the current induced by said radiation of this antenna (24, 24a, 24b, 24n).
    [0002]
    2. antennal system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one wired parasite extends in a direction forming an angle between -10 ° and 10 ° with the surface of the conductive medium.
    [0003]
    3. antennal system according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises at least two parasites (30a, 30b) wired extending in major directions different from one another.
    [0004]
    4. Antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that at least two parasites (30a, 30b) wired are electrically connected. 25
    [0005]
    5. Antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one parasitic element (40) extending vertically in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the conductive medium (28) connected to the conductive medium (28) and arranged in the vicinity of at least one antenna (24, 24a, 24b, 24n) so as to be able to radiate due to the current induced by said radiation of said antenna (24, 24a, 24b, 24n) . 3036543 19
    [0006]
    6. Antenna system according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one vertical parasitic element (40) comprises at least one localized element (54a, 54b).
    [0007]
    7. antennal system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the conductive medium (28) comprises a plane (38) of mass, which is connected to each antenna (24, 24a, 24b, 24n).
    [0008]
    8. antennal system according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one parasite (30, 30a, 30b, 30n) wired is connected to the plane (38) of mass. 10
    [0009]
    9. Antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one parasite (30, 30a, 30b, 30n) is connected to the medium (28) conductor.
    [0010]
    10. Antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one parasite (30, 30a, 30b, 30n) comprises at least one folded portion.
    [0011]
    11. Antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one parasite (30, 30a, 30b, 30n) comprises at least one localized element (54a, 54b). 20
    [0012]
    12. Antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of wired parasites connected to form a surface parasite (50) or a volumic parasite (52).
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    FR3036543A1|2016-11-25|SURFACE WAVE ANTENNA SYSTEM
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    WO2004040696A1|2004-05-13|Multibeam antenna with photonic bandgap material
    EP1145378A1|2001-10-17|Dual-band transmission device and antenna therefor
    EP3335267B1|2019-03-13|Surface-wave antenna, antenna array and use of an antenna or an antenna array
    EP1188202B1|2004-02-04|Device for transmitting and/or receiving signals
    EP2817850B1|2017-05-10|Electromagnetic band gap device, use thereof in an antenna device, and method for determining the parameters of the antenna device
    WO2019069033A1|2019-04-11|Antenna with partially saturated dispersive ferromagnetic substrate
    WO2017025674A1|2017-02-16|Surface wave antenna system
    FR2947391A1|2010-12-31|AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL AND BROADBAND COMPACT OMNIDIRECTIONAL SYSTEM COMPRISING TWO SEPARATELY DISPENSED TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION ACCES
    EP3266064B1|2020-10-21|Omnidirectional wideband antenna structure
    WO2018055313A1|2018-03-29|Antenna with ferromagnetic rods wound and coupled together
    FR3019385A1|2015-10-02|BEAM ORIENTATION ANTENNA
    FR2699739A1|1994-06-24|Omnidirectional and multipolarization antenna.
    EP3092680A1|2016-11-16|Planar antenna
    FR2996686A1|2014-04-11|Electromagnetic method for decoupling of antenna systems, involves arranging set of electromagnetic decoupling devices to electrically cut support mast between antenna system and another antenna system by blocking currents
    FR2940531A1|2010-06-25|OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA VERY BROADBAND
    BE481450A|
    EP0792528A1|1997-09-03|Half-wave dipole antenna
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3036543B1|2017-05-12|
    EP3298651A1|2018-03-28|
    CN107912072A|2018-04-13|
    CA2985023A1|2016-11-24|
    RU2709423C2|2019-12-17|
    US20180123218A1|2018-05-03|
    US10622697B2|2020-04-14|
    AU2016263523A1|2017-11-30|
    WO2016185124A1|2016-11-24|
    RU2017138384A|2019-06-18|
    AU2016263523B2|2019-11-21|
    RU2017138384A3|2019-06-18|
    CN107912072B|2021-03-02|
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    法律状态:
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    2016-11-25| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20161125 |
    2017-04-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
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    2021-04-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1554426A|FR3036543B1|2015-05-18|2015-05-18|SURFACE WAVE ANTENNA SYSTEM|FR1554426A| FR3036543B1|2015-05-18|2015-05-18|SURFACE WAVE ANTENNA SYSTEM|
    RU2017138384A| RU2709423C2|2015-05-18|2016-05-13|Surface-wave antenna system|
    AU2016263523A| AU2016263523B2|2015-05-18|2016-05-13|Surface wave antenna system|
    PCT/FR2016/051151| WO2016185124A1|2015-05-18|2016-05-13|Surface wave antenna system|
    CA2985023A| CA2985023A1|2015-05-18|2016-05-13|Surface wave antenna system|
    US15/572,192| US10622697B2|2015-05-18|2016-05-13|Surface wave antenna system|
    EP16726367.2A| EP3298651A1|2015-05-18|2016-05-13|Surface wave antenna system|
    CN201680027953.4A| CN107912072B|2015-05-18|2016-05-13|Surface wave antenna system|
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